NATURAL EFE | BREAD IN ANCIENT GREECE
Cereals, and especially barley and wheat, have been cultivated in Greek since the Pelasgian era. It should be noted that they played an important role in the life of the ancient Greeks and influenced their character. The most ancient of the cereals was considered to be barley, but this is a matter of further research. It is mentioned more often than wheat because it was easy to produce, more efficient , cheaper and, therefore, more accessible to the people The barley, and sikrithareni breads played a part, and acquired a sacred meaning in the life of the Greeks, as far as they were used for various ceremonies, as well as the wheat The lady The food for the ancient Greeks was bread, which was made from barley or wheat. Homer gives us enough information about cereals. In fact, he called the Greeks bread eaters. Between the time of Homer (8th century BC) and that of the poet Simonides (6th century BC) the information that is given to us about bread is little, We observe in one Simonides's poem that neither if mills search nor sieve nor sludge dung manure nor to asphalt assault zii That is, the poet Simonides complains in his poem about a woman who neither wants to catch the mill, nor the sieve, nor to throw garbage out of the house, nor to sit next to the oven, because he was afraid of smoke Also in the weddings of antiquity, a fairly well-established way for the bride was the kiskino, because. Probably, the sifting was done at that time by the women themselves in the houses. With the sieves the ancient Greeks pierced the flour from the bran. With the nla kiskina they made the white flours, finely sifted, which they called flour, after a second category , which was somewhat coarser and more coarsely sifted, and they called it krimna, and finally a unified category, which was called alfita. We must emphasize that these three categories, flour, flour, and salt were just ways of preparation. In the time of Pericles it was now established that flour was a derivative of wheat and alfita was a derivative of barley. Wheat flour bread was very thin, in contrast to barley bread, which was not very thin. This leads us to the conclusion that alfita and honor were not ground in mills but elsewhere.
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We also have indications that in the 5th century BC, the making of alphas was a separate profession from the bakery 'In the State of Pilate we are given the following: people to be fed, will arrive at any time either with barley, or with wheat, salt that will they bake, or they will knead it, or they will make some kind of cakes and bread. During the 5th century the appearance of the cartoons takes place. In the beginning, the bakers supplied the Athenian houses with bread, then the bakers appeared, who bought the breads from the bakers and sold them. One of the best bakers of antiquity was Thearion, about whom Aristophanes Regarding the art of bakery, Chrysippos Tyaneos gives us the following:. If you make it (the faton) from solid dough, it will become both shiny and wide for dry eating, but if made from soft dough, it will be light but oily. Kpivanikios and Fournakios favor the ultimate dough. The main ingredients of bread were Flour. Alfita, Krimna, Chondroi, Rice, Semidalis, Lentils and others The instruments for making the bread were the Krivanos, (oven), the pnos (small oven), the Maktra (dough boats), and the Plathanos (form). The ancient Greeks made many kinds of bread. In general, the breads in ancient Greece were innumerable. They all did not have excellent preparation. For this reason we will list some of them, as any further reference goes beyond the limits of the present study.
Bread, The breads, which were made from yeast (nitron).
๐ก๐ฎ๐๐๐ผ๐, Topsomi, which contained spicy or sweet substances
๐๐ฝ๐ป๐ถ๐๐ถ๐, Topsomi, which was baked in the pitcher or in a small oven.
๐ฆ๐ฝ๐ผ๐ฑ๐ถ๐๐ถ๐, The bread, which was baked under the ashes
๐๐น๐๐ฎ๐ป๐ถ๐๐ถ๐, The bread, which was baked in the oven. Some of the most important breads of antiquity were the following
๐๐ฐ๐ต๐ฎ๐ถ๐ป๐ฎ๐, Bread, which were made by women in honor of Demeter during the Thesmophoria. They were usually large loaves of bread. There was also a feast for these loaves, which was called Megalartia.
๐๐ถ๐ฝ๐๐ฟ๐ผ๐. Bread baked twice (bread baked twice), ie the nut. They were hot breads, for the preparation of which a variety of ingredients were needed, such as cheese, pepper, salt. This is confirmed to us by the Athenian, that is, breads, which were baked twice, Orivasios states that the fiery breads were baked twice to be rubbed. Procopius informs us that the soldiers had in their mousses kysiras (alaines), in which they had fermented breads and carried them with them on military marches. Finally, Su is himself gives us a very important testimony. So the ancient bipyrus bread was called pakamas by the Romans, and rusk in modern Greek.
๐๐๐ป๐ถ๐๐ฎ๐. It was the bread of the popular classes. It is considered to be the common bread, as long as it ensured satiety. This bread was also called diaper bread. Panos will say flood, or crowds. From the word panos comes the Latin Panis and today's Italian Pane, meaning bread. In various other areas, this bread had different names, such as, pekithita, lekithita ', or even' ennita.
๐๐๐ฐ๐ต๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ถ๐๐ถ๐. It was grilled bread, and it was eaten after the meal, after dipping it in wine. It was soft bread, and is considered one of the most wonderful breads of antiquity. Lygeus Samios in a letter to Diagoras says about the breads that were sold in the Athenian market: great. At the beginning and in the middle of the banquets they are offered sparingly. These loaves were finely ground to achieve a uniform baking. The Athenian * mentions a and full-fledged episagousi dissertation called the distinct thank you, who's so kerasite the memasi and the softness and such instinct has to wlykyn D, that is, after they are full (after) the full Pleasure with the introduction to the table of the so-called breadcrumbs, which they baptize in sweet wines, thus making it soft equivalent to sweet bread.
Also, the Athenian gives us the following: the escharites and from frying pan with oil on the surface are clearer, that is, the eschariti bread, is soft, and also fried with olive oil, it is juicier. In another report, the Athenian. that is, after opening warm escharites, you dip them (dip) in sweet (syrup. And Isichios mentions something that confirms it to us, Suidas, that that is, aeschorite bread on Lebanon At this point we observe Finally, we observe that in the Bible there is a reference to the people being given ascharites and laganos at the same time,
๐ง๐ต๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ด๐ถ๐น๐ผ๐ป, ๐ผ๐ฟ ๐ง๐ต๐ฎ๐น๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ (Thalyssa, the beginning of the harvest, also Thalysia, the offering of the first to part of the goddess Artemis) This bread was the first, which was prepared after the harvest of wheat, during the month of Thargilos (ie in mid-May to mid-June), during the feast of Arielion, to part of Artemis and Apollo. Thariglon is called the bread from the harvest first. This is confirmed by the Athenian Krivanitis. This bread is mentioned by Aristophanes to the Farmers. These loaves had a cylindrical base, and were prepared in special molds, which were covered with ashes to bake. They were white breads, which they ate hot. A report is given to us by Orivasios, a physician of antiquity, about the bread of Krivanite: and not semidale born and trivial, and the softness most often seen in the bread of the crib. I said, laying it on the ashes on the fire, I covered the top of it with a towel, as if it were coal for the most part, and in fact, from above, as the place looks like this, the bread is very dry. If it is very useful for the abdomen, (that is, it is made from well-grated semolina and the bread is softer, which is made in the kiln. with another ash, so as to create a strong hearth and above all to have the upper heating in the place where it is baked. This bread is the driest of all, It could be considered the most beneficial for the intestine). The Athenian makes several references to the krivanitis bread: a..and the krivanitis of all virtues awaits a strong gap, apt, digestible, salty for delivery, nor does it gallop.
Oginos mentions that: or not much while dispersing unleavened bread kfivanite pure of bitter wine. pre-forced, on the basis of which I learned that krivanitis bread was used in medicine, after previously dipping it in kpasi. This bread was very useful in medicine because it was well kneaded, as well as baked. Because the island was made in the kiln, which was made of metal, or clay, it was uniform, and so the bread had a special taste.
๐๐๐ฏ๐ฒ๐. Square breads, which were made with dill, cheese and olive oil, and baked in the oven. They were similar to Thergilos. The only difference was that the Cubes were made all year round in Thargilos only on the feast of Thargilia, and from the first Harvest of the year Laganon. According to the Liddle and Scott Dictionary, the laganon (modern lagana) was a thin, broad placenta of flour and oil. According to Aristophanes ka laganon, the estin bread is oiled (laganon, which is bread dipped in olive oil). From a report by Aetius, a physician of the 4th century AD, we see that they also used lagana in the tatrik ... and it was also offered in the form of a roasted hen in zoom, roasted with a healthy foot and an acyla ... that is, to give salt and raps and lagana boiled in chicken broth, pork legs, and ham with bone well boiled). Kimis Alexandrinos mentions that lagana is also made in the pan, and also that this food is very common among the Israelis.
in the names of the pan, of the lagan cap of the semolina, One could, however, assume that these spices were made to be used for the offer (today 'offer'), of Obelia, Aristophanes mentions our obolia to the Georgians, when a very common bread There are two versions of the name of this bread, a) because it was sold in the market for an obolos (obolos is a monetary unit), or b) because it was baked in the obelisk (the obelisk is a special form) The versions are confirmed by us. The Athenian Aodevelian bread is called that of obolou pipraseta, the famous Alexandria or otnovoisko optato (that is, the obelias bread is called so either because it was bought for an obolos, as in Alexandria, or because it was sold in). Those who carried the loaves were called Skewers. This is confirmed to us again by the Athenian a. ..> (that is, those who carried the spears to their shoulders during the pompons were also called skewers). Eustathios mentions in a testimony that the spear bread is called in this way, because it is bought for an obol, and according to others, because it is baked in obelisks. In another testimony, Eustathios mentions that the spear was made on the spears and not Isichios also confirms that it was sold to an obolos.
๐๐ต๐ผ๐ป๐ฑ๐ฟ๐ถ๐๐ถ๐, bread made from zea (a type of grain), or coarsely ground wheat
๐๐ฎ๐ฝ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฎ, something similar to today's
๐๐ฟ๐๐ผ๐น๐ฎ๐ด๐ฎ๐ป๐ผ๐ป toast, a type of lagana flavored with pepper, milk, wine and olive oil, which was sold by the Artokapiros to the Artokapiros , something similar to today's Easter buns, made with Egryfias milk, flour bread, and grilled. It was also made from semolina, and probably in this case it can be related to today's halva. There is a testimony about this from Athanasios the Theologian. He set up Abra4m on the stage towards Sarah and said to him: Hurry up and fall asleep.
"We believe that what Abraham asked of Sarah was something like the present halva."
from raw dates, flour and water. And again, these would mean that you have to spend for these processes. It is characteristic according to many testimonies that this bread was made in hot ashes
๐๐ฝ๐ฎ๐ป๐๐ต๐ฟ๐ฎ๐ฐ๐ถ๐. Bread thinner than lagana, grilled on a grill
๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐๐ฎ๐ป๐ผ๐.They made this bread in clay pots, which were wide at their base.They placed fire or coals around it to bake. This bread was offered to the brothers by the bride, during the wedding ceremony.
๐ฃ๐น๐ฎ๐ธ๐ถ๐๐ฎ๐. A flatbread, baked in the oven.
๐๐๐ฎ๐๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐๐ถ๐. Bread plasignathos (filling) according to the Athenian.
๐ ๐ฎ๐ธ๐ผ๐ป๐ถ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ ๐ผ๐ฟ ๐๐ถ๐ป๐ผ๐๐ผ๐. Breads sprinkled with poppy seeds or flax.
๐๐ผ๐น๐น๐ฎ๐๐ผ๐ It was also called Kilikios Artos. Small cylindrical breads from a new crop. It was served hot, and it was white.
๐ง๐๐ฟ๐ป Bread, which contained cheese. A type of today's cheese bread (or cheese pie).
๐๐ป๐ด๐ฒ๐น๐ฎ๐ถ๐, A common bread
๐๐๐๐ผ๐ฝ๐๐ฟ๐ผ๐, or Harvester. Wholemeal bread.
๐ข๐ฟ๐ถ๐ป๐๐ต๐ผ๐ ๐ผ๐ฟ ๐ข๐ฟ๐ถ๐ป๐ฑ๐ถ๐. Rice bread.
๐ก๐ฎ๐๐๐ผ๐. Large well-kneaded, round and white breads.
๐ง๐ต๐ฟ๐ผ๐ป๐ผ๐. Large breads that were cut into slices.
๐ฉ๐ฎ๐ธ๐ฐ๐ต๐๐น๐ผ๐. Bread, which was baked in very hot ashes.
๐๐ณ๐๐ผ๐ฝ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฎ๐. Dough plates, which were baked on the coals, and made toasts
๐๐ฎ๐ฝ๐ฝ๐ฎ๐ฑ๐ผ๐ธ๐ถ๐ผ๐, ๐ผ๐ฟ ๐๐ฒ๐ป๐๐น๐ฒ, ๐ผ๐ฟ ๐๐ฎ๐ฐ๐ต๐บ๐ฎ๐ป. Bread made with milk, olive oil and salt. The Cappadocians made the best breads of antiquity.
๐ฉ๐ผ๐น๐ถ๐๐ถ๐ป๐ผ๐ Mushroom-shaped bread with poppy seed.
๐ฆ๐ถ๐บ๐ถ๐๐ถ๐. Bread with sesame.
๐ฆ๐ถ๐๐ฎ๐บ๐ผ๐ฝ๐ฎ๐๐๐ผ๐. Today's pastel.
๐ง๐ต๐ถ๐ฎ๐ด๐ผ๐ป๐ฒ๐. Bread in honor of Then in Aetolia.
๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ธ๐ถ๐๐ฎ๐. And other wholemeal bread.
๐๐ผ๐๐ฟ๐ป๐ฎ๐ธ๐ถ๐ผ๐ ๐ผ๐ฟ ๐๐น๐ถ๐๐ฎ๐ป๐ถ๐ธ๐ถ๐ผ๐, ๐ผ๐ฟ ๐๐ฝ๐ฎ๐น๐ผ๐, Artos, which was made from yeast, with the addition of milk in combination with oil and salt.
๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ธ๐ถ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐. Wholemeal breads from barley.
๐๐ป๐ฎ๐๐๐ฎ๐๐ผ๐, this bread was made for the arriforians, who were two girls who were chosen in antiquity to carry utensils of Athena of Polia during the feast of the Arphorion The light and spongy bread.
๐๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ฎ๐ฑ๐ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐๐ต๐ฎ๐บ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ฎ๐ป๐. Word rather Macedonian.
๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐บ๐ป๐ถ๐๐ฎ๐. Cartilage bread.
๐๐ฟ๐๐ผ๐ฝ๐ถ๐ธ๐ถ๐๐ผ๐ ๐๐ฟ๐๐ผ๐ Bread made from very hard dough.
๐ฉ๐น๐ผ๐บ๐ถ๐ฎ๐ถ๐ผ๐ ๐๐ฟ๐๐ผ๐. Square bread.
๐๐บ๐ถ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐๐ผ๐ Semi-circular bread.
๐ ๐๐๐๐ถ๐น๐ถ. Hollow bread.
๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐บ๐ป๐ถ๐๐ฎ๐ Thessalos bread, round.
๐๐ผ๐น๐น๐๐ฟ๐ฎ๐, ๐๐ผ๐น๐น๐ถ๐
Bread from coarse flour, which first appeared in Boeotia. It was made of rye, small in size and was offered mainly to children, as baby food. Aristophanes confirms this to us. In fact, Aristophanes gives us a very important reference, that they gave the glue to the marathoners as a trophy. Liddle & Scott report that glue is a roll of bread. So if they were giving the 'kollyra' to the Marathon Warriors as a trophy, it must have been a round shape. that is, something like today's bun.
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